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Google LLC[5] is an American
multinational technology company that specializes in
Internet-related services and products. These include
online advertising technologies,
search,
cloud computing,
software, and
hardware. Google was founded in 1998 by
Larry Page and
Sergey Brin while they were
Ph.D. students at
Stanford University, in California. Together, they own about 14 percent of its shares, and control 56 percent of the stockholder voting power through
supervoting stock. They incorporated Google as a privately held company on September 4, 1998. An
initial public offering(IPO) took place on August 19, 2004, and Google moved to its new headquarters in
Mountain View, California, nicknamed the
Googleplex. In August 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests as a
conglomerate called
Alphabet Inc. Google, Alphabet's leading subsidiary, will continue to be the umbrella company for Alphabet's Internet interests. Upon completion of the restructure,
Sundar Pichai was appointed
CEO of Google; he replaced
Larry Page, who became CEO of Alphabet.
The company's rapid growth since incorporation has triggered a chain of products,
acquisitions, and partnerships beyond Google's core search engine (
Google Search). It offers services designed for work and productivity (
Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides),
email (
Gmail/
Inbox), scheduling and time management (
Google Calendar),
cloud storage (
Google Drive),
social networking (
Google+), instant messaging and video chat (
Google Allo/
Duo/
Hangouts), language translation (
Google Translate), mapping and turn-by-turn navigation (
Google Maps/
Waze/
Earth/
Street View), video sharing (
YouTube), notetaking (
Google Keep), and photo organizing and
editing (
Google Photos). The company leads the development of the
Android mobile
operating system, the
Google Chrome web browser, and
Chrome OS, a lightweight operating system based on the Chrome browser. Google has moved increasingly into hardware; from 2010 to 2015, it partnered with major electronics manufacturers in the production of its
Nexus devices, and in October 2016, it released multiple hardware products (including the
Google Pixel smartphone,
Home smart speaker,
Wifi mesh wireless
router, and
Daydream View virtual reality headset). The new hardware chief, Rick Osterloh, stated: "a lot of the innovation that we want to do now ends up requiring controlling the end-to-end user experience". Google has also experimented with becoming an
Internet carrier. In February 2010, it announced
Google Fiber, a fiber-optic infrastructure that was installed in
Kansas City; in April 2015, it launched
Project Fi in the United States, combining Wi-Fi and cellular networks from different providers; and in 2016, it announced the Google Station initiative to make public Wi-Fi available around the world, with initial deployment in India.
Alexa, a company that monitors commercial web traffic, lists Google.com as the most visited website in the world. Several other Google services also figure in the top 100 most visited websites, including
YouTube and
Blogger. Google is the most valuable brand in the world,
[6] but
has received significant criticism involving issues such as
privacy concerns,
tax avoidance,
antitrust,
censorship, and
search neutrality. Google's
mission statement, from the outset, was "to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful", and its unofficial slogan was "
Don't be evil". In October 2015, the motto was replaced in the Alphabet corporate code of conduct by the phrase "Do the right thing".
